Optimizing Ventilation Design for Mahakal Ujjain Temple Using a Fuzzy Logic–Based Air-Change-Per-Hour Determination Model

Abstract

This research presents an innovative methodology to enhance ventilation design within the sacred confines of the Mahakal Ujjain Temple, leveraging a sophisticated fuzzy logic–based air-change-per-hour (ACH) determination model. Through meticulous development, the model encompasses 1,875 fuzzy rules derived from permutations of input variables including probability of infection, population density, temperature difference, level of physical activities, and level of respiration activity. The system effectively transforms linguistic variables into actionable computational frameworks by employing fuzzy membership functions and MATLAB’s (version 2023a) Mamdani model, facilitating accurate ACH estimations. Validation against a comprehensive data set demonstrates a substantial correlation between predicted and actual ACH values (R2 = 0.8163), affirming the model’s robustness and reliability. This pioneering approach not only revolutionizes ventilation management strategies within sacred spaces but also holds promise for broader applications in diverse environmental contexts. By optimizing indoor air quality, the model contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage and the promotion of public health worldwide. The practical application of the research on optimizing ventilation design for the Mahakal Ujjain Temple lies in its use of a fuzzy logic–based model to dynamically manage indoor air quality. By incorporating variables such as probability of infection, population density, temperature difference, and activity levels, the model ensures optimal air change per hour to reduce airborne contaminants and maintain thermal comfort. This approach enhances public health by mitigating infection risks while preserving the sacred ambiance essential to the temple environment, offering broader potential for implementation in other high-occupancy cultural or religious spaces.