Analysis of the Impact of Tiny Space Debris on Double Satellite Formation for Gravity Recovery Missions

Abstract

Space debris brings severe threats to the safety of spacecraft in low orbit. As a typical satellite system with high accuracy in low Earth orbit, the impact of space debris on TianQin-2 (TQ-2) is likely to result in the divergence of the control system, which will affect the scientific exploration mission. In this paper, the robustness of long-term missions for TQ-2 in a debris environment in low orbit is studied. Firstly, the models of the attitude and orbit control system for the double satellite formation and test mass of TQ-2 are established. Secondly, probability and momentum models of space debris that impact the TQ-2 is established, and the distribution of space debris and the probability density of time for two independent collisions are obtained according to the relevant conditions. Finally, through Monte Carlo simulation and statistics, the critical linear and angular momentum that causes the control system to diverge are analyzed and calculated. The changes in orbit and attitude for the control system in the critical state are simulated. During the 3-year mission period, the probability of the TQ-2’s control system exiting science mode or diverging due to debris impact was studied, which provides a reference for the normal manner and management of the TQ-2 in orbit.