Pressure Sensor Placement for Pipe Burst Detection and Localization in Water Distribution System

Abstract

Pipe bursts in water distribution systems (WDSs) are challenging to detect due to their hidden and complex nature. Such events cause rapid, significant pressure drops that can serve as key indicators. Because pressure sensors are cost-effective and easy to maintain, they are widely used for WDS monitoring. However, the number and placement of these sensors are critical for accurately locating bursts and shortening response times. Therefore, both localization accuracy and response time should guide sensor placement design. This study presents a multiobjective optimization algorithm for placing pressure sensors. The method ensures comprehensive monitoring coverage while improving burst localization accuracy and reducing the time needed to identify affected pipes. Applying the proposed approach to a real WDS in China demonstrates its advantages in both accuracy and efficiency. These results highlight the practical benefits of this multiobjective strategy and its potential to improve the safety and reliability of urban water supplies.