RHS Cross-Connections with Fully Offset Branches in Tension

Abstract

This paper primarily presents an investigation into rectangular hollow section (RHS) cross- (or X-) connections with the branches fully laterally offset and loaded in axial tension. A set of 10 full-scale experimental specimens, carefully fabricated with noncritical welds, are tested in the laboratory, and the results are used to validate nonlinear finite-element models. To enhance the range of available data, the calibrated models are varied in an expanded parametric numerical study. A chord failure limit-state model based on a yield-line mechanism, which was identified in prior research on branch compression loading, is verified herein for branch tension loading. Furthermore, the limit state of branch failure is investigated by means of the combined experimental and numerical database produced. Design recommendations for laterally offset cross-connections loaded under branch tension, based on chord and branch failure modes, are presented. The application of current design recommendations for traditional cross-connections (with centered branches) to connections with full-width branches and laterally offset branches is also evaluated.