Studies of Stable Stratification Effect on Dynamic and Thermal Roughness Lengths of Urban-Type Canopy Using Large-Eddy Simulation

Abstract

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of neutrally and stably stratified turbulent flows over urban-type surfaces with relatively low plan area ratios are presented. Numerical experiments were performed for different shapes of streamlined objects and at different static stability. A new method for setting up a numerical experiment aimed at studying the heat and momentum transfer within the roughness layer and investigating the thermal and dynamic interaction between the turbulent flow and the surface as a whole has been proposed. This method enables us to obtain an equilibrium state for values of parameters determining the characteristics of the external turbulent flow chosen beforehand. A strong dependence of the thermal roughness length on stratification was found. We also discuss the physical mechanisms that lead to the maintenance of turbulence above the canopy when the ground surface is strongly cooled.