Behavior Changes of Nonmotorized and Public Transport Users due to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Brazil

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the behavioral changes of nonmotorized and public collective transport users in six Brazilian state capitals (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Brasília, Manaus, and Curitiba), due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic and their impact on the COVID-19 incidence rate. To this end, the mobility and incidence rate variables were correlated in the months of July 2020, January 2021, and March 2021 by the Pearson’s correlation method, using the Minitab software (version 19.2020.1). São Paulo presented a weak direct correlation followed by an inconclusive correlation and a moderate indirect correlation; Rio de Janeiro presented moderate indirect correlation throughout the entire study; Salvador began with a moderate indirect correlation, which evolved to a weak direct and then to an inconclusive correlation; the city of Brasília started with an inconclusive correlation, which then turned into a weak indirect correlation; Manaus began as inconclusive and then evolved into a moderate indirect and finally weak indirect correlation; Curitiba also began as inconclusive and evolved into a weak indirect and then into a weak direct correlation. From most of the Pearson’s correlation values analysis, it was possible to verify that the implementation of specific regulations aimed at containing the SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with nonmotorized and public transport use regulation promoted a reduction of incidence rates facing an increase in mobility rates. The indirect correlation force was stronger when the regulations specifically addressed urban mobility, either by restricting the population’s access to nonessential services or specifically regulating the supply or maximum capacity and determining urban public transport vehicle hygiene.