Experimental Investigation on the Change in Flow Boiling Characteristics Due to Boiling-Induced Copper Ageing

Abstract

Heat sinks and heat exchangers based on flow boiling in mini/microchannels are expected to be more compact and efficient. One of the major challenges while using copper material for phase-change heat transfer application is the change in surface characteristics after prolonged usage due to the thermal oxidation of surface over time. This study involves the repeated experimental runs of flow boiling of water in a 1 mm hydraulic diameter end-milled copper channel to verify the influence of ageing on the thermal and hydraulic performance. As it is difficult to measure the surface wettability in a mini/microchannel, this work makes use of the ageing and surface characterization study conducted on the dummy copper samples to infer the influence of ageing on mini/microchannel surface characteristics and consequently its boiling performance. The test involves measuring over a period of time the wetting behaviors of the end-milled copper samples left in water at three different conditions: one in a constant temperature bath maintained at 60 °C and 1 atm and the remaining two in a pool of boiling water at 110 °C and 120 °C. The study compares the fresh sample and the aged sample for the surface oxidation, surface chemical composition and surface morphology, and discusses the changes in the contact angle and surface morphology caused by copper ageing.