An Improved Test Method of LiFePO4/Graphene Hybrid Cathode Lithium-Ion Battery and the State of Charge Estimation

Abstract

The state of charge (SoC) of the battery is a typical characterization of the operating state of the battery and criterion for the battery management system (BMS) control strategy, which must be evaluated precisely. The establishment of an accurate algorithm of SoC estimation is of great significance for BMS, which can help the driver judge the endurance mileage of electric vehicle (EV) correctly. In this paper, a second-order resistor-capacity (RC) equivalent circuit model is selected to characterize the electrical characteristics based on the electrochemical model of the LiFePO4/graphene (LFP/G) hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery. Moreover, seven open circuit voltage (OCV) models are compared and the best one of them is used to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the battery. It is worth mentioning that an improved test method is proposed, which is combined with least square for parameters identification. In addition, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is selected to estimate the SoC during the charging and discharging processes. The simulation results show that the EKF algorithm has the higher accuracy and rapidity than the KF algorithm.