Preparation and Optimum Proposal of Biological Dust Suppressant Using Straw Based on Orthogonal Test

Abstract

In order to the prevent and control construction dust, and to avoid secondary pollution, on the basis of single factor experiment, the viscosity, surface tension, determination of water retention, and water absorption rate test were carried out in this paper, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose were selected as adhesive and water retention agent, Yl and J1 were selected as surfactant and water absorption from straw extract of a variety of functional raw materials. Taking the viscosity of solution, pH value, water loss rate at high temperature, shell compressive strength, and infiltration time as the assessment indexes, a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test was designed to optimize each component of the dust suppressant. A green, environmentally friendly, and degradable straw dust suppressant was prepared, and the pilot test was carried out in the construction site of expressway. The orthogonal test results show that the influence degree of mass concentration of the four factors on the performance of straw utilization type dust depressant is as follows: hydroxyethyl cellulose has the greatest influence, followed by J1, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and Yl have the least influence. When hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, J1, and Y1 mass concentrations, 0.35%, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.03%, respectively, the straw utilization type dust suppression agent viscosity value is 106.3 MPa·s, and water-retention rate is 22.51%, pH value is 7.23, and has the compressive strength of 79.02 kPa and the infiltration time of 4.21 min, its density is 1.030 g/cm. Product viscosity is moderate, it sprays easy, surface tension is small, and meets the requirements of the current class of coal dust suppression agent products indicators. Highway field pilot test shows that the surface has the shaw hardness of 70HA of shell in four hours after the construction site is sprayed with biological dust suppressant in accordance with the dosage of 3 L/m2, the shell can effectively stop the rain and wind erosion, PM2.5 and PM10 dust suppression rate are 91.2%, 91.4%, and 79.2%, and 77.7% in the 1 and 7 days, respectively, have very good inhibition effect on construction dust.