Energy and Daylight Optimization of Shading Devices, Window Size, and Orientation for Educational Spaces in Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Optimization of window characteristics is crucial for achieving maximum daylighting while reducing energy loads in educational spaces. This research investigated the impacts of a building's window orientation, window-to-wall ratio, and different shading settings on daylighting, glare, and energy usage in an educational space in the mixed climate of Tehran, Iran, by analyzing the information obtained from climate-based simulations. The research results emphasized the need for window system configuration to be considered in the early design stages as each parameter impinges on design decisions, such as window orientation or even running schedules of spaces. In addition to evaluating the connection between parameters, suggestions are provided for each examined orientation, window size, and date. Results indicated that it is possible to reduce glare up to 68%, increase daylighting up to 70%, and save energy up to 59%. Simultaneous consideration of various design objectives in this study provides a framework to be adopted and further refined by other researchers and designers to support their design decision making.