External Abrasion Caused by Leakages in Potable Water Distribution System Pipes

Abstract

External abrasion caused by leaks in pipe connections is a constant risk for water distribution systems (WDSs). Phenomena related to pipe leakages may lead not only to flow losses and pressure drops in locations where they occur but also potential damage in buried pipes due to soil fluidization. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that pipe failures can be developed by this leakage phenomenon that causes soil fluidization. Through experimental research using a model with pipes of various materials, the impact of a leak in the outer walls of a buried pipe was simulated. Results showed that regardless of the material, size, or any other input variable, every pipeline is vulnerable to external abrasion. A future improved model could be developed using water under pressure to perform simulations, which may lead to further contributions. Results from this study suggest that improving materials should not be the only concern when designing water networks, and particular attention should be paid to enhance the quality of pipe connections.