High-Resolution Energy Intensity Modeling to Improve Water Distribution System Performance

Abstract

Water distribution systems can improve their sustainability by identifying and implementing the most energy-efficient scheme for water delivery, but this is difficult to determine for complex systems. A method proposed here combines facility-level energy intensity data (energy maps) with hydraulic models, viewing energy intensity as a conservative general property that is transported with the water. The new approach rapidly quantifies the temporal and spatial variation of energy intensity within a water distribution system and helps evaluate alternative operations and designs that conserve energy. A case study with a real water utility demonstrates the method and validates it through comparison with actual energy savings. The method is an effective analysis technique, mapping the flow of energy through the water distribution system and quantifying the response of local energy intensities to proposed system modifications. The results indicate that water source selection, among other energy management practices, can significantly influence a water system’s energy use. Further research applications are recommended.