Conversion of abandoned property to greenspace as a strategy to mitigate the urban heat island investigated with numerical simulations

Abstract

Impervious surfaces and buildings in the urban environment alter the radiative balance and surface energy exchange and can lead to warmer temperatures known as the urban heat island (UHI), which can increase heat-related illness and mortality. Continued urbanization and anthropogenic warming will enhance city temperaturesworldwide, raising the need for viable mitigation strategies. Increasing green space throughout a city is a viable option to lessen the impacts of the UHI, but can be difficult to implement. The potential impact of converting existing vacant lots in Kansas City to green spaces is explored with numerical simulations for three heat wave events. Using vacant property data and identifying places with a high fraction of impervious surfaces, the most suitable areas for converting vacant lots to green spaces is determined. Land use/land cover datasets are modified to simulate varying degrees of feasible conversion of urban to green spaces in these areas, and the local cooling effect using each strategy is compared to the unmodified simulation. Under more aggressive greening strategies, a mean local cooling impact of 0.5 to 1.0°C is present within the focus area itself during the nighttime hours. Some additional cooling via the park cool island is possible downwind of the converted green spaces under the more aggressive scenarios. Although moderate and conservative strategies of conversion could still lead to other benefits, those strategies have little impact on cooling. Only an aggressive approach yields significant cooling.