Experimental Demonstration of Decay Heat Removal by Submerged Feeders in a Full-Scale Test Facility of a Natural Circulation Boiling Water Reactor

Abstract

Removal of decay heat with nonavailability of active systems is a safety issue especially during station blackout (SBO) in a light water reactor. Passive systems are being incorporated in the new designs of nuclear reactors for this purpose. Some of the advanced reactors such as Indian advanced heavy water reactor (AHWR) have dedicated isolation condensers (ICs) which are submerged in large water pool called gravity driven water pool (GDWP). These ICs remove decay heat from the core by natural circulation cooling and dissipate it to the GDWP by natural convection. There is a concern that cracks may develop in the GDWP if a large seismic event similar to Fukushima type occurs. In that case, the pool water is lost and it can threaten the core coolability because of loss of heat sink. In AHWR, the cracks in the water pool leads to the relocation of the water of the pool to the reactor cavity. Feeders of AHWR are positioned in the reactor cavity. Thus, the water relocated in the cavity, will eventually submerge the feeders and these submerged feeders have the potential to remove the decay heat of the core. However, the feeders are located at a lower elevation as compared to the core, and hence, there is concern on the heat removal capability by the submerged feeders by natural convection. To understand this aspect and to establish the core coolability under the above-mentioned conditions, experiments were performed in a full-scale test facility of AHWR. Experiments showed that the decay heat can be safely removed in natural circulation mode of cooling with heat sink located at lower elevation than the heat source.