Low-Impact Development Effects on Aquifer Recharge Using Coupled Surface and Groundwater Models

Abstract

Low impact development (LID) is promoted as a sustainable management practice for stormwater in urbanized catchments. While the positive effects of LID features on surface water hydrology and water quality have been investigated, less is known regarding their effects on aquifer recharge. The hydrologic model PCSWMM was coupled with the groundwater model MODFLOW to assess the influence of LID on aquifer recharge in a study area undergoing residential development. The coupled models were calibrated and validated with predevelopment stream flows and groundwater levels from a predominately-forested catchment. PCSWMM was used to quantify net infiltration rates for conventional and LID stormwater practices for the development. Net infiltration rates were then coupled with MODFLOW to determine aquifer recharge and the potential effects on groundwater availability for the development. Results suggested that LID practices would help restore predevelopment aquifer recharge conditions. This study demonstrated a novel approach for assessing the effects of LID stormwater practices on aquifer recharge and groundwater availability in new residential developments.