Upgrading the Reliability of Water Distribution Networks through Optimal Use of Pressure-Reducing Valves

Abstract

High pressure in water distribution networks may lead to more leakages, bursts, and excessive consumption. Therefore, an effective strategy to improve the reliability of the network is pressure management. Many indices have been proposed to quantify the hydraulic performance and reliability of water networks. The fuzzy reliability index is one of the indices proposed to focus on nodal pressure and pipe head losses. Fixed outlet pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are low cost and efficient tools for pressure management programs. In this study, a simulation-optimization model is developed to find optimum locations and set pressures for PRVs in the existing networks to maximize the fuzzy reliability index and minimize the costs of performing pressure management program. Applying the model in a high-pressure case study water distribution network shows that using some PRVs can balance and limit the pressure in a specified range. Moreover, applying the Young conflict resolution theory on solutions of multiobjective optimization allows decision makers to select appropriate option for pressure management considering their available budget and constraints.