Temperature Patterns and Trends in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

Abstract

Empirical orthogonal functions (E0Fs) and stepwise regression are used to investigate zonally averaged seasonal temperature anomaly patterns and trends in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The first three EOFs explain more than 50% of the temperature variance and can be related, respectively to the solar flux and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and ENSO, and atmospheric carbon dioxide and turbidity (volcanism).