End Forces on Crossframes in Horizontally Curved Steel I-Girder Bridges

Abstract

Crossframes in horizontally curved steel I-girder bridges are primary members. They must be designed for strength and fatigue. Curved girder analysis computer programs typically compute crossframe member forces only due to curvature effect; they do not calculate the crossframe forces due to wind and centrifugal forces. These forces must be calculated separately and combined with the curvature-effect forces using appropriate group combination load factors. If the crossframe forces from computer programs are suspicious, engineers can use hand procedures such as V-load method to verify these results. Also per current