Silica Adsorbents and Peroxide Functionality for Removing Paraquat from Wastewater

Abstract

To treat wastewater containing paraquat, the interaction of the herbicide with unmodified and modified (i.e., chemically treated) proprietary silicas is explored using liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry and ultraviolet-visible spectrometry. Strong adsorption and rapid exchange kinetics (i.e., more than 80% within 30 s) of the contaminant onto both unmodified and modified silica surfaces indicate that paraquat adsorption is inherent to the unmodified silica. Although activated carbon sequesters paraquat more effectively than silica at long times (i.e., after 2 h), considering both constant mass and constant area approaches in loading the adsorbents, the best performance in the short-term (i.e., at least up to 150 s) interaction was achieved by using unmodified silicas. Comparison of data fitting to a competitive binding model with or without consideration of homogeneous solid diffusion indicates that, at least for times relevant to water-treatment applications, the competitive binding model is an appropriate mathematical tool to explain experimental adsorption data. Addition of