Integrated Framework for Estimating, Benchmarking, and Monitoring Pollutant Emissions of Construction Operations

Abstract

Construction operations are highly energy-intensive and account for significant environmental impacts, including greenhouse gases (GHG) and other engine exhaust associated with material procurement/delivery and on-site construction activities. The opportunities for mitigating air pollutant emissions from construction operations can be captured by estimating and benchmarking during the preconstruction phase and then monitoring during the construction phase. However, a formal process model to manage the environmental aspects of on-site construction activities has yet to be clearly delineated, although recently several research efforts have appeared in relevant areas such as the development of in-use emission factors of construction equipment, methods for reliably estimating emissions at the project level, embodied carbon footprint benchmarking methods, and practical monitoring tools. Such a lack of a formal process model causes the misinterpretation of the benefits from recent research efforts in each area and hinders their implementation in practice. In this context, this paper aims to establish a framework model that could be a systematic and generic reference to the management of pollutant emissions from construction operations with state-of-the-art methods and tools. To do so, the paper identifies a generic process to be supported by research efforts in each area and presents an integrated framework based on the analysis of data connectivity between processes. An example of the indirect emission measurement is presented to demonstrate how data connectivity can be ensured between processes within the framework.