Safety Assessment in Tunnel Grouting Using Fuzzy Rotational and Angular Models

Abstract

Grouting operations in sewage tunnel construction are performed to prevent water inflow and to strengthen and solidify the ring shape of the tunnel. Such operations have hazards. Safety assessments of these operations often involve subjective judgment. These judgments frequently employ linguistic expressions that are not easily defined although they are useful. Rotational and angular fuzzy logic models, which are useful in evaluating judgments commonly expressed linguistically, have been established to determine the performance and safety of tunnel grouting operations. The graphical models involve the use of ramp functions having both positive and negative characteristics.