| description abstract | There has been a growing interest in using large-diameter strands to alleviate congestion by using fewer strands, reduce the total number of girders by increasing girder spacing, increase the span length, and allow shallower girders. While the 2020 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications included 17.8-mm (0.7-in.) strands by reference to AASHTO M203, these larger-diameter strands were not used in bridge construction primarily because AASHTO LRFD was silent about the design aspects of members reinforced with 17.8-mm (0.7-in.) strands. The presented multifaceted, multiyear research involved an extensive parametric design case study, nonlinear finite-element analyses, material characterization, component tests, and full-scale girder experiments. This paper focuses on the full-scale girder tests, which were used to examine development length, detailing requirements, and flexural and shear behavior and strength. Experimentally determined development lengths were found to be shorter than those prescribed by the AASHTO LRFD Specification. Flexural and shear strength could be determined using established procedures. The current minimum required amount of confinement reinforcement was found to be sufficient to confine 17.8-mm (0.7-in.) strands. The extension of bottom flange confinement reinforcement was found to be inadequate for cases with partially debonded 17.8-mm (0.7-in.) strands, but extension of bottom flange confinement reinforcement to 1.5d beyond the end of the girder was adequate for cases with no debonded strands. The minimum bottom flange confinement reinforcement required by the AASHTO LRFD Specification must be extended to at least 1.5d beyond the termination of the longest debonded length of 17.8-mm (0.7-in.) strands. | |
