Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Parameters Influencing the Shear-Stress Behavior of Interlocking Paver Blocks–Bedding Sand Interface Using Large-Scale Direct Shear Test

Abstract

Shear strength and rutting characteristics play a vital role in the serviceability and performance of interlocking concrete block pavement (ICBP). The objective of the present research study is to evaluate the shear stress behavior of the interlocking paver block–bedding sand interface using the laboratory large-scale direct shear test. The research includes analyzing the influence of parameters such as interlocking paver block shape, laying angle, and gradation of bedding sand on the shear stress behavior of ICBP. Optimization of the influential parameter is analyzed by the response surface methodology using expert software. The relative movement between the blocks during the shear mechanism is assessed by the image processing technique using well-known mathematical software and is validated from the readings measured using a Vernier caliper. Numerical simulation is carried out using professional engineering software to validate the laboratory test results. Combined rutting of the interlocking paver block and bedding sand is estimated from the derived shear test results. The test results prove that the ICBP, when laid with zigzag shape over Zone II bedding sand, perpendicular to the traffic movement, exhibits better shear strength and lower rutting.