Base Train Equivalents for Multiple Train Types Based on Delay-Based Capacity Analysis

Abstract

Different types of trains may have substantially dissimilar characteristics, which result in various capacity effects. The concept of base train equivalent (BTE) has been previously proposed to standardize different train types into a universal unit, i.e., a base train unit (BTU). However, the previously developed delay-based model suffers from consistency issues before and after BTU conversion, and its application is limited to only two train types. Thus, this study proposes a new concept of delay-based BTE computation and corresponding BTE models. The dynamic BTE model considers volume and heterogeneity to fully reflect the actual capacity effect of nonbase trains. The fixed BTE model identifies the most appropriate BTE value at a particular traffic heterogeneity. Results of the case studies demonstrate that the proposed method can address scenarios with all types of traffic mixes and multiple train types. The unit of delay-based rail capacity can be converted into a standard unit using the proposed models. The effect of an extra train can be effectively assessed, and the capacity evaluation from different lines or systems can be analyzed and compared.