| description abstract | AbstractModel error in ensemble prediction systems is often represented by either a tendency perturbation approach or a process-based parameter perturbation scheme. In this paper a novel hybrid stochastically perturbed parameterization (HSPP) scheme is proposed and implemented in the Convection Permitting Limited Area Ensemble Forecasting (C-LAEF) system developed at the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG). In HSPP, the individual parameterization tendencies of the physical processes radiation, shallow convection, and microphysics are perturbed stochastically by a spatially and temporally varying pattern. Uncertainties in the turbulence scheme are considered by perturbing key parameters on the process level. The proposed scheme HSPP features several advantages compared to the popular stochastically perturbed parameterization tendencies (SPPT) scheme: it considers a more physically consistent relationship between different parameterization schemes, deals with uncertainties especially adapted to the individual physical processes, respects conservation laws of energy and moisture, and eliminates the tapering function that has to be introduced to the SPPT scheme because of mainly numerical reasons. The hybrid scheme HSPP is evaluated over one summer and one winter month and compared to a reference ensemble without any stochastic physics perturbations and to two versions of the SPPT scheme. The results show that HSPP significantly increases the ensemble spread of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and pressure, especially in the lower levels of the atmosphere where a tapering function is active in the original SPPT approach. Precipitation verification yields a generally improved probabilistic performance of the HSPP scheme in summer when convection is dominating, which has also been demonstrated in a case study. | |
