contributor author | Phillips, Vaughan T. J.;Yano, Jun-Ichi;Formenton, Marco;Ilotoviz, Eyal;Kanawade, Vijay;Kudzotsa, Innocent;Sun, Jiming;Bansemer, Aaron;Detwiler, Andrew G.;Khain, Alexander;Tessendorf, Sarah A. | |
date accessioned | 2018-01-03T11:02:30Z | |
date available | 2018-01-03T11:02:30Z | |
date copyright | 6/15/2017 12:00:00 AM | |
date issued | 2017 | |
identifier other | jas-d-16-0223.1.pdf | |
identifier uri | http://138.201.223.254:8080/yetl1/handle/yetl/4246451 | |
description abstract | AbstractIn Part I of this two-part paper, a formulation was developed to treat fragmentation in ice?ice collisions. In the present Part II, the formulation is implemented in two microphysically advanced cloud models simulating a convective line observed over the U.S. high plains. One model is 2D with a spectral bin microphysics scheme. The other has a hybrid bin?two-moment bulk microphysics scheme in 3D. The case consists of cumulonimbus cells with cold cloud bases (near 0°C) in a dry troposphere.Only with breakup included in the simulation are aircraft observations of particles with maximum dimensions >0.2 mm in the storm adequately predicted by both models. In fact, breakup in ice?ice collisions is by far the most prolific process of ice initiation in the simulated clouds (95%?98% of all nonhomogeneous ice), apart from homogeneous freezing of droplets. Inclusion of breakup in the cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations increased, by between about one and two orders of magnitude, the average concentration of ice between about 0° and ?30°C. Most of the breakup is due to collisions of snow with graupel/hail. It is broadly consistent with the theoretical result in Part I about an explosive tendency for ice multiplication.Breakup in collisions of snow (crystals >~1 mm and aggregates) with denser graupel/hail was the main pathway for collisional breakup and initiated about 60%?90% of all ice particles not from homogeneous freezing, in the simulations by both models. Breakup is predicted to reduce accumulated surface precipitation in the simulated storm by about 20%?40%. | |
publisher | American Meteorological Society | |
title | Ice Multiplication by Breakup in Ice–Ice Collisions. Part II: Numerical Simulations | |
type | Journal Paper | |
journal volume | 74 | |
journal issue | 9 | |
journal title | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences | |
identifier doi | 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0223.1 | |
journal fristpage | 2789 | |
journal lastpage | 2811 | |
tree | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences:;2017:;Volume( 074 ):;issue: 009 | |
contenttype | Fulltext | |