A Review of Long-Range Transport Modeling

Abstract

The various approaches to long-range transport modeling are outlined, and some of their virtues and shortcomings are discussed. Emphasis is put on models describing sulphur transport on the synoptic scale or from a few hundred up to 1000 km. Long-term (?1 year) deposition and concentration patterns can be estimated reasonably well, whereas agreement between calculated and observed daily concentrations is more variable. The estimates of long-term deposition patterns over Europe obtained from models with a statistical description of the transport resemble those obtained from models with finer (?6 h) time resolution.