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contributor authorWu, Yutian
contributor authorPolvani, Lorenzo M.
contributor authorSeager, Richard
date accessioned2017-06-09T17:07:41Z
date available2017-06-09T17:07:41Z
date copyright2013/06/01
date issued2012
identifier issn0894-8755
identifier otherams-79796.pdf
identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4222615
description abstracthe 1987 Montreal Protocol regulating emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) was motivated primarily by the harm to human health and ecosystems arising from increased exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation associated with depletion of the ozone layer. It is now known that the Montreal Protocol has helped reduce radiative forcing of the climate system since CFCs are greenhouse gases (GHGs), and that ozone depletion (which is now on the verge of reversing) has been the dominant driver of atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere in the last half century.This paper demonstrates that the Montreal Protocol also significantly protects Earth?s hydroclimate. Using the Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (CAM3), coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean, it is shown that in the ?world avoided? (i.e., with CFC emissions not regulated), the subtropical dry zones would be substantially drier, and the middle- and high-latitude regions considerably wetter in the coming decade (2020?29) than in a world without ozone depletion. Surprisingly, these changes are very similar, in both pattern and magnitude, to those caused by projected increases in GHG concentrations over the same period. It is further shown that, by dynamical and thermodynamical mechanisms, both the stratospheric ozone depletion and increased CFCs contribute to these changes. The results herein imply that, as a consequence of the Montreal Protocol, changes in the hydrological cycle in the coming decade will be only half as strong as what they otherwise would be.
publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
titleThe Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Protecting Earth’s Hydroclimate
typeJournal Paper
journal volume26
journal issue12
journal titleJournal of Climate
identifier doi10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00675.1
journal fristpage4049
journal lastpage4068
treeJournal of Climate:;2012:;volume( 026 ):;issue: 012
contenttypeFulltext


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