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contributor authorDonner, Leo J.
contributor authorWyman, Bruce L.
contributor authorHemler, Richard S.
contributor authorHorowitz, Larry W.
contributor authorMing, Yi
contributor authorZhao, Ming
contributor authorGolaz, Jean-Christophe
contributor authorGinoux, Paul
contributor authorLin, S.-J.
contributor authorSchwarzkopf, M. Daniel
contributor authorAustin, John
contributor authorAlaka, Ghassan
contributor authorCooke, William F.
contributor authorDelworth, Thomas L.
contributor authorFreidenreich, Stuart M.
contributor authorGordon, C. T.
contributor authorGriffies, Stephen M.
contributor authorHeld, Isaac M.
contributor authorHurlin, William J.
contributor authorKlein, Stephen A.
contributor authorKnutson, Thomas R.
contributor authorLangenhorst, Amy R.
contributor authorLee, Hyun-Chul
contributor authorLin, Yanluan
contributor authorMagi, Brian I.
contributor authorMalyshev, Sergey L.
contributor authorMilly, P. C. D.
contributor authorNaik, Vaishali
contributor authorNath, Mary J.
contributor authorPincus, Robert
contributor authorPloshay, Jeffrey J.
contributor authorRamaswamy, V.
contributor authorSeman, Charles J.
contributor authorShevliakova, Elena
contributor authorSirutis, Joseph J.
contributor authorStern, William F.
contributor authorStouffer, Ronald J.
contributor authorWilson, R. John
contributor authorWinton, Michael
contributor authorWittenberg, Andrew T.
contributor authorZeng, Fanrong
date accessioned2017-06-09T16:39:57Z
date available2017-06-09T16:39:57Z
date copyright2011/07/01
date issued2011
identifier issn0894-8755
identifier otherams-71832.pdf
identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4213768
description abstracthe Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has developed a coupled general circulation model (CM3) for the atmosphere, oceans, land, and sea ice. The goal of CM3 is to address emerging issues in climate change, including aerosol?cloud interactions, chemistry?climate interactions, and coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere. The model is also designed to serve as the physical system component of earth system models and models for decadal prediction in the near-term future?for example, through improved simulations in tropical land precipitation relative to earlier-generation GFDL models. This paper describes the dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component (AM3) of this model. Relative to GFDL AM2, AM3 includes new treatments of deep and shallow cumulus convection, cloud droplet activation by aerosols, subgrid variability of stratiform vertical velocities for droplet activation, and atmospheric chemistry driven by emissions with advective, convective, and turbulent transport. AM3 employs a cubed-sphere implementation of a finite-volume dynamical core and is coupled to LM3, a new land model with ecosystem dynamics and hydrology. Its horizontal resolution is approximately 200 km, and its vertical resolution ranges approximately from 70 m near the earth?s surface to 1 to 1.5 km near the tropopause and 3 to 4 km in much of the stratosphere. Most basic circulation features in AM3 are simulated as realistically, or more so, as in AM2. In particular, dry biases have been reduced over South America. In coupled mode, the simulation of Arctic sea ice concentration has improved. AM3 aerosol optical depths, scattering properties, and surface clear-sky downward shortwave radiation are more realistic than in AM2. The simulation of marine stratocumulus decks remains problematic, as in AM2. The most intense 0.2% of precipitation rates occur less frequently in AM3 than observed. The last two decades of the twentieth century warm in CM3 by 0.32°C relative to 1881?1920. The Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyses of observations show warming of 0.56° and 0.52°C, respectively, over this period. CM3 includes anthropogenic cooling by aerosol?cloud interactions, and its warming by the late twentieth century is somewhat less realistic than in CM2.1, which warmed 0.66°C but did not include aerosol?cloud interactions. The improved simulation of the direct aerosol effect (apparent in surface clear-sky downward radiation) in CM3 evidently acts in concert with its simulation of cloud?aerosol interactions to limit greenhouse gas warming.
publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
titleThe Dynamical Core, Physical Parameterizations, and Basic Simulation Characteristics of the Atmospheric Component AM3 of the GFDL Global Coupled Model CM3
typeJournal Paper
journal volume24
journal issue13
journal titleJournal of Climate
identifier doi10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1
journal fristpage3484
journal lastpage3519
treeJournal of Climate:;2011:;volume( 024 ):;issue: 013
contenttypeFulltext


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