On the Formulation of Finite-Element Prediction Models

Abstract

Three numerical schemes for the vorticity-divergence form of the shallow-water equations are analyzed using the Fourier transform technique developed by Schoenstadt (1980). These schemes are compared with two finite-element schemes for the primitive form of the equations which were examined by Schoenstadt. The best finite-element schemes use either staggered elements in the primitive form of the equations, or unstaggered elements in the vorticity-divergence form.