Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Pile-Supported Vertical Wall Breakwaters

Abstract

This paper describes the hydrodynamic characteristics of a pile-supported vertical wall breakwater, the upper part of which is a vertical wall, and the lower part consisting of an array of vertical piles. For regular waves, using the eigenfunction expansion method, a numerical model has been developed that can compute wave transmission, reflection, and run-up, and wave force acting on the breakwater. For irregular waves, the regular wave model is repeatedly used for each frequency component of the irregular wave spectrum. The wave period is determined according to the frequency of the component wave, while the root-mean-squared wave height is used for all the component waves to compute the energy dissipation between piles. To examine the validity of the developed models, large-scale laboratory experiments have been conducted for pile-supported vertical wall breakwaters with a constant spacing between piles but various drafts of the upper vertical wall. Comparisons between measurement and prediction show that the numerical model adequately reproduces most of the important features of the experimental results for both regular and irregular waves. The pile-supported vertical wall breakwater always gives smaller transmission and larger reflection than a curtain wall breakwater with the same draft as that of the upper wall, or a pile breakwater with the same porosity as that of the lower part, of the pile-supported vertical wall breakwater.