A Simple Model of Nonlinear Hadley Circulation with an ITCZ: Analytic and Numerical Solutions

Abstract

Simple analytic solutions are constructed for an axially symmetric, nonlinear, slightly viscous circulation in a Boussinesq atmosphere in the presence of intense convection at an intertropical convergence zone. The latitude?height extent of the Hadley circulation is obtained, as well as its streamfunction, zonal wind, and temperature distribution. Numerical solutions of the viscous primitive equations are also obtained to verify the analytic solutions. The strength of the circulation is stronger than previous results based on dry models and is now close to the observed value. The extent of the Hadley region is also quite realistic.