Critical Level Reflection and the Resonant Growth of Nonlinear Mountain Waves

Abstract

We examine the evolution of a field of internal waves launched by stratified flow over symmetric topography in mean flows which reverse direction at some height above the surface. With the gradient Richardson number at this ?critical level? in the undisturbed flow restricted to values greater than 0.25, the nonlinear interaction in the region is such that the surface strongly reflects large amplitude internal waves incident upon it. When the critical level is located near certain discrete heights above the ground the incident and reflected waves interfere constructively and the wave amplitude in the low levels is resonantly enhanced by a large factor. These results are related to our previous analyses of the process by which breaking internal waves are able to induce intense downslope windstorms.