Browsing Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 865
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A Bias in Skill in Forecasts Based on Analogues and Antilogues
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A bias in skill may exist in statistical forecast methods in which the verification datum is withheld from the developmental data (cross-validation methods). Under certain circumstances this bias in skill can become ... -
A Brief Climatology of Vertical Wind Variability in the Troposphere and Stratosphere as Seen by the Poker Flat, Alaska, MST Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)A statistical analysis of vertical air motion has been performed for data taken in the 3-20 km altitude range by the Poker Flat MST radar during the period September 1979-January 1982. The variability of vertical velocities ... -
A Classification Scheme for Satellite Temperature Retrievals
(American Meteorological Society, 1985)A new approach is presented to the problem of specifying constraints on retrieval estimators used to calculate vertical temperature profiles from satellite measurements of upwelling radiance. An unsupervised classification ... -
A Climatological Estimate of Precipitation for the World Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)Climatological estimates of mean annual precipitation over the world ocean are presented and discussed. We obtained a value for mean annual oceanic precipitation (between 65°N and 60°S) of 93 cm, which is smaller than some ... -
A Climatology of Mean Monthly Snowfall for the Conterminous United States: Temporal and Spatial Patterns
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Mean monthly snowfall data for 216 stations across the conterminous United States were analyzed to produce a climatology that identifies statistical, spatial and intraseasonal aspects. Geographic variations in the length ... -
A Comparative Study of Various Parameterizations of the Planetary Boundary Layer in a Numerical Mesoscale Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)Various parameterizations of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) currently used in three-dimensional (3D) mesoscale models are compared with a more complex scheme including a turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) equation. In the ... -
A Comparison between Line-Averaged Observation of Cn2 from Scintillation of a CO2 Laser Beam and Time-Averaged in situ Observations
(American Meteorological Society, 1985)The refractive-index structure parameter Cn2 was measured from scintillation of a CO2 laser beam over a 5.9 km path at 40 m height and compared to in situ observations of Cn2 at the optical receiver location. A reasonable ... -
A Comparison of Antarctic Sea Ice Data Sets and Inferred Trends in Ice Area
(American Meteorological Society, 1985)A comparison is made of seven Antarctic sea ice data sets developed since 1980, on the basis of techniques of analysis and inferred temporal variations. Navy-NOAA Joint Ice Center sea ice charts are the basic data for all ... -
A Comparison of Computed and Observed Insolation under Clear Skies over the Pacific Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)In an effort to verify computational methods for ocean heat budgets, observations of insulation under clear skies for 26 days were compared with values computed by a formula previously derived from the Smithsonian Tables. ... -
A Comparison of Sea Surface Temperature Climatologies
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Six global and two regional Pacific monthly sea surface temperature climatologies were compared. The climatologies were based on either surface marine observations or oceanographic cast (surface plus subsurface temperatures) ... -
A Comparison of Several “Single-Pass” Estimators of the Standard Deviation of Wind Direction
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)Computation of the standard deviation of wind direction σ? generally requires repeated consideration of the individual measurements of wind direction. This need for multiple passes through the data sample can create a ... -
A Comparison of Simulated and Observed Boundary-Layer Winds in an Area of Complex Terrain
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The boundary-layer wind field in an area of complex terrain is simulated using an Objective analysis Model. Simulated and observed winds at several stations in the experimental area are compared quantitatively. Wind fields ... -
A Comparison of Two Types of Atmospheric Transport Models—Use of Observed Winds Versus Dynamically Predicted Winds
(American Meteorological Society, 1983)Dynamic and kinematic trajectory Models were used to diagnose long-range transport during a 24-b period of the NEROS (1979) field study. The dynamic model consisted of a three-dimensional primitive equation model which ... -
A Discussion of Schatzmann's Integral Plume Model from a Control Volume Viewpoint
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Of the numerous integral models that have been developed to describe buoyant plumes in stratified crossflows, Schatzmann's model appears to be the most mathematically rigorous and physically complete. So far, however, a ... -
A Fair-Weather Cumulus Cloud Classification Scheme for Mixed-Layer Studies
(American Meteorological Society, 1985)Not all cumulus clouds can vent mixed-layer air into the free atmosphere. Therefore, three subtypes of fair-weather cumulus clouds are identified based on the nature of their interaction with the mixed layer: forced, active ... -
A Further Assessment of Treatment Effects in the Florida Area Cumulus Experiment through Guided Linear Modeling
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)The Florida Area Cumulus Experiment (FACE) was a two-stage program dedicated to assessing the potential of ?dynamic seeding? for enhancing convective rainfall in a fixed target area. FACE-1 (1970?76) was an exploratory ... -
A Gaussian Plume Model of Atmospheric Dispersion Based on Second-Order Closure
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)A practical model of atmospheric dispersion of a passive tracer based on systematic reduction of the second-order closure transport equations using Gaussian shape assumptions is presented. The model is comparable with ... -
A High Resolution Spatial and Temporal Multiple Doppler Analysis of a Microburst and Its Application to Aircraft Flight Simulation
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Multiple Doppler radar data collected during the Joint Airport Weather Studies (JAWS) Project is used to synthesize the three-dimensional wind in the region of a microburst. The particular microburst used in this study is ... -
A Method for Coupling a Parameterization of the Planetary Boundary Layer with a Hydrologic Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1986)Deardorff's parameterization of the planetary boundary layer is adapted to drive a hydrologic model. The method converts the atmospheric conditions measured at the anemometer height at one site to the mean values in the ... -
A Method for Remote Sensing the Emissivity, Fractional Cloud Cover and Cloud Top Temperature of High-Level, Thin Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 1987)A methodology for retrieving the emissivity, cloud cover and cloud top temperature of high-level, thin clouds is developed and described. In the thermal infrared windows, the outgoing radiances from the earth's atmosphere ...