Abstract: The axial Ω and relative angular momenta, MΩ and Mr, depend on the meridional mass distribution and relative zonal velocity, respectively. According to the conventional formulation, the time rate of change of MΩ is determined ...

Abstract: Predictability studies of the second kind are often carried out to address the potential in predicting atmospheric variables based on knowledge of changes in sea surface temperature (SST). Here a predictability study of ...

Abstract: Various types of air?sea interactions are studied based on the general properties of cross-covariance function and the well-defined shapes of these functions obtained from conceptual models. The analysis is applied to sea ...

Abstract: In order to understand the spectrum Γx(?) of a climate variable xt, the relation between Γx(?) and its forcing has to be considered. If the evolution of xt over (discretized) time is determined by ft, that is, ?x/?t ≡ (xt ...

Abstract: The angular momentum anomalies associated with the Antarctic and Arctic Oscillations are examined in a coupled general circulation model. The size of the global-mean anomaly of the Ω angular momentum is unexpectedly larger ...

Abstract: The reddest atmospheric modes are studied using a 500-yr integration performed with the coupled ECHAM1/LSG general circulation model. By fitting a first-order autoregressive process to the considered time series, a simple ...

Abstract: Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations warm the troposphere. However, it is not clear whether this implies changes in the energetics. To study the energetics responses to CO2 increases, changes in the Lorenz energy cycle ...

Abstract: The climate response to increased CO2 concentration is generally studied using climate models that have finite spatial and temporal resolutions. Different parameterizations of the effect of unresolved processes can result ...

Abstract: he warming pattern due to higher greenhouse gas concentrations is expected to affect the global atmospheric energetics mainly via changes in the (i) meridional temperature gradient and (ii) mean static stability. Changes ...

Abstract: Decadal climate prediction is a challenging aspect of climate research. It has been and will be tackled by various modeling groups. This study proposes a simple empirical forecasting system for the near-surface temperature ...