Abstract: There has been intense debate about the causes of the 1997?98 El Niño. One side sees the obvious intense westerly wind events as the main cause for the exceptional heating in summer 1997, the other emphasizes slower oceanic ...

Abstract: The nonlinearities that cause El Niño events to deviate more from the mean state than La Niña events are still not completely understood. This paper investigates the contribution of one candidate mechanism: ENSO nonlinearities ...

Abstract: he pattern of global mean temperature (GMT) change is calculated by regressing local surface air temperature (SAT) to GMT for an ensemble of CMIP5 models and for observations over the last 132 years. Calculations are based ...

Abstract: The time dependence of the local relation between sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline depth in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean is analyzed for the period 1990?99, using subsurface temperature ...

Abstract: he winter of 2013?14 had unusual weather in many parts of the world. Here we analyze the cold extremes that were widely reported in North America and the lack of cold extremes in western Europe. We perform a statistical ...

Abstract: According to the delayed-oscillator picture of ENSO, a positive SST anomaly in the eastern tropical Pacific will cause westerly wind anomalies closer to the date line to first give a positive feedback, and later, via ...