Abstract: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with low back pain (LBP) and accompanied by mechanical changes to the spine. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a protein that contributes to the ...

Abstract: Healthy function of intervertebral discs (IVDs) depends on their tissue mechanical properties. Native cells embedded within IVD tissues are responsible for building, maintaining, and repairing IVD structures in response ...

Abstract: Studies on single muscle fiber passive material properties often report relatively large variation in elastic modulus (or normalized stiffness), and it is not clear where this variation arises. This study was designed to ...