Abstract: The conservation equations of heat, salt, and mass are combined in such a way that a simple relation is found between the known volume flux of Mediterranean Water entering the North Atlantic Ocean and the effects of lateral ...

Abstract: The strength and structure of the Southern Hemisphere meridional overturning circulation (SMOC) is related to the along-isopycnal and vertical mixing coefficients by analyzing tracer and density fields from a hydrographic ...

Abstract: A method is developed for estimating the along-isopycnal and vertical mixing coefficients (K and D) and the absolute velocity from time-averaged hydrographic data. The method focuses directly on transports down tracer ...

Abstract: ertical transport of heat by ocean circulation is investigated using a coupled climate model and novel thermodynamic methods. Using a streamfunction in temperature?depth coordinates, cells are identified by whether they ...

Abstract: he thermohaline streamfunction is presented. The thermohaline streamfunction is the integral of transport in temperature?salinity space and represents the net pathway of oceanic water parcels in that space. The thermohaline ...

Abstract: he Southern Hemisphere westerly winds have intensified in recent decades associated with a positive trend in the southern annular mode (SAM). However, the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport and ...

Abstract: he zonal and meridional components of the atmospheric general circulation are used to define a global thermodynamic streamfunction in dry static energy versus latent heat coordinates. Diabatic motions in the tropical ...

Abstract: Coupled climate models are prone to ‘drift’ (long-term unforced trends in state variables) due to incomplete spin-up and non-closure of the global mass and energy budgets. Here we assess model drift and the associated ...

Abstract: The tracer-contour inverse method is used to infer mixing and circulation in the eastern North Atlantic. Solutions for the vertical mixing coefficient D, the along-isopycnal mixing coefficient K, and a geostrophic ...