Abstract: A railway pier with a relatively low reinforcement ratio has a high risk of collapse when subjected to an earthquake. The use of a conventional strengthening method of concrete, steel, and fiber-reinforced polymer jackets ...

Abstract: Lateral swelling pressure (LSP) of expansive soils included in the total lateral pressure (TLP) often results in instability and even sliding failure of retaining walls. In this study, a modified oedometer was developed ...