Abstract: Within the realm of structural reliability analysis, the uncertainties tied to resistance and loads are conventionally embodied as random variables possessing established cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). Nevertheless, ...

Abstract: The krill herd (KH) algorithm is widely used for optimizing truss structures as no gradient information is necessary, and only a few parameters require adjustment. However, when the truss structure becomes discrete and ...

Abstract: The recent advancements in structural health monitoring technology are truly remarkable [1,2], with the utilization of sophisticated methods, such as finite element analysis [3], mathematical statistics [4], and artificial ...