Abstract: The aim of this study is to improve functional models and to form a new stochastic model that takes into account both different measurement methods and important sources of errors affecting the accuracy of the measurements ...

Abstract: Layout is one of the most important missions of the surveying engineer, which aims to carry out the designed horizontal and vertical geometries of an engineering structure by satisfying the required accuracies. It is ...

Abstract: In this paper, a new transition curve to be used in the design of the horizontal geometry of routes has been examined. This curve joins two straight lines with a single element. It is an alternative curve to the well-known ...