Abstract: Concrete exhibits significant strain softening beyond the peak or initial failure stress. To incorporate this behavior and also reflect the entire failure process, a complete constitutive model is proposed within the ...

Abstract: The ultrarapid underpass (URUP) tunneling method, in which a shield machine is launched and received at the ground surface level, has been developed for tunneling in congested areas. This paper reports monitoring results ...

Abstract: A new block-classification method for tunnel construction using a tunnel-boring machine (TBM) to capture the geometrical and mechanical transformation of rock blocks in the course of TBM excavation is proposed in this ...