Abstract: Based on the Greenwood and Williamson theory, an assumption about the contact-area size of asperities on rough surfaces is proposed under the premise that the height of these asperities on ...

Abstract: A shield tunnel may suffer various structural defects during its operational period. Different factors can contribute to defects on site, such as cracks, spalling, leakage, or offset, and a rational understanding of the ...

Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results obtained from the testing of nine 1:3 scale square-shaped column specimens. Characteristics of the specimens are low-lateral confinement, low-to-moderate shear span, and high-axial ...