Abstract: In order to improve the performance of helical springs, such as increasing the fatigue life and suppressing resonance, variable pitch angle and variable helix radius may be incorporated into ...

Abstract: The general dynamic equations of helical compression springs with circular wire cross section, variable pitch angle, and variable helix radius are derived. The equations are formulated by Hamilton’s ...

Abstract: Based on a previously developed and verified helical spring dynamic model, optimization and FFT subroutines have been added to the spring dynamic model as controlling and postprocessing units ...