Abstract: In this paper, a new method, called four dimensional (4D) holospectrum, is introduced for analyzing force distributions. First, it is shown that the dynamics of a three dimensional force can ...

Abstract: Despite substantial global mean warming, surface cooling has occurred in both the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean over the past 40 years, influencing both regional climates and estimates of Earth’s ...

Abstract: Coastal cities in the east and southeast regions of the US have seen significant population growth and economic development in the last 2 decades. As a result, urban infrastructure, populations, and economies are ...