Abstract: Current bridge codes in the US, Europe, and China specify vehicular collision loads for the design of piers. However, the performance of piers designed according to current codes in the three countries or regions is unknown ...

Abstract: Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) piers have been applied in bridge structures due to their high bearing capacity, good ductility, and light weight. During their service life, CFST piers may suffer vehicle collision. ...