Abstract: The Xi’an City Wall (XCW) is a typical ancient building in Xi’an that is well known for its history and culture. The Xi’an Metro crosses below the XCW at various locations, which may pose hazards of cracking or collapsing ...

Abstract: The limited efficiency of current supports has led to serious support system problems in loess tunnel construction, which are mainly noted in arch distortion, shotcrete cracking, surface subsidence, and even total structural ...

Abstract: Determining vertical earth pressure (VEP) is crucial in designing high-filled cut-and-cover tunnel (CCT) structures. This parameter directly influences the safety and economy of the structure. However, the current pressure ...