Abstract: Considered nonstructural elements, infill walls and their participation in earthquake resistance are often neglected in structural design, which leads to deviations in the predictions of seismic responses. Generally, infill ...

Abstract: Sandwich insulation wall panels (SIWPs) are used extensively as thermal resistance components in buildings. Connectors in SIWPs are subjected to axial and shear forces to resist the load of the outer layer and transfer it ...