Abstract: This paper is devoted to estimating the bound of the Lyapunov exponents for the Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential system. First, using the Gronwall inequality, we analyze the continuous dependence of the solution to ...

Abstract: This paper investigates the dynamical characteristics and synchronization of a unified chaotic system described by Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative. The equilibrium solutions of the considered system are first analyzed ...