Abstract: It is proposed that the sea surface roughness zo can be predicted from the height and steepness of the waves, zo/Hs = A(Hs/Lp)B, where Hs and Lp are the significant wave height and peak wavelength for the combined sea and ...

Abstract: A synthetic dataset is used to show that apparent variations between different stability classes in the mean drag coefficient, CD10n, to wind speed relationship can be explained by random errors in determining the friction ...

Abstract: The authors examine changes in the salinity of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean standard seawater (SSW) as used in seven cruises between 1991 and 1997. Ten batches of SSW were used during ...

Abstract: Recent analysis of high quality Solent sonic anemometer spectra revealed a frequency-dependent systematic underestimation of the spectral levels with a minimum at about three-quarters of the Nyquist frequency. It is shown ...

Abstract: The concept of an ?equivalent surface roughness? over the ocean is useful in understanding the relation between wind speed (at some height) and the net momentum flux from air to sea. The relative performance of different ...

Abstract: Wind speed measurements obtained from ship-mounted anemometers are biased by the presence of the ship, which distorts the airflow to the anemometer. Previous studies have simulated the flow over detailed models of individual ...

Abstract: Consideration of the inertial dissipation method for routine wind stress estimation suggests that the most significant errors are likely to be changes in height of the airflow before reaching the anemometers, and errors ...

Abstract: The effects of flow distortion created by the ship?s hull and superstructure bias wind speed measurements made from anemometers located on ships. Flow distortion must be taken into account if accurate air?sea flux measurements ...

Abstract: aves and wave breaking play a significant role in the air?sea exchanges of momentum, sea spray aerosols, and trace gases such as CO2, but few direct measurements of wave breaking have been obtained in the open ocean (far ...